ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Dengue merupakan penyakit endemik setidaknya di Asia, Pasifik, Amerika, Afrika, dan Karibia. WHO memaparkan bahwa 50 hingga 100-juta kasus infeksi terjadi setiap tahunnya, termasuk 500.000 kasus DHF dan 22.000 kasus kematian dengan kebanyakan kasus pada anak-anak. Salah satu dampak yang harus dipertimbangkan ialah beban sosial dan ekonomi yang dialami pasien rawat inap DBD. Penanganan pasien DBD menghabiskan waktu yang lama dan biaya kerugian yang relatif besar. Sementara itu, biaya yang dikeluarkan secara langsung dipengaruhi oleh lamanya rawat inap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan lama rawat inap pasien DBD di RSUD Undata Palu tahun 2014. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan data ialah purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data sekunder yaitu data rekam medis pasien DBD yang dirawat inap di RSUD Undata Palu periode 01 Januari - 31 Desember 2014, yang mencakup usia, jenis kelamin, jumlah leukosit, jumlah trombosit, kelas perawatan, dan lama rawat inap. Analisis data menggunakan analisis desktiptif dan statistik uji Chi Square. Hasil Penelitian: Dari 98 orang sampel, berdasarkan distribusi frekuensi sampel diperoleh jumlah pasien rawat inap ≤4 hari sebanyak 47 pasien (47,96%) dan 51 pasien (52,04%) dengan lama rawat inap >4 hari. Lebih lanjut, hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara faktor risiko usia (p=0,982), jenis kelamin (p=0,692), jumlah trombosit (p=0,356), dan jumlah leukosit (p=0,726) dengan lama rawat inap pasien DBD. Hal ini didasarkan pada nilai p value > α (α=0,05), sedangkan faktor risiko kelas perawatan dengan p=0,032 menunjukkan adanya hubungan faktor risiko kelas perawatan dengan lama rawat inap pasien DBD. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara faktor risiko usia, jenis kelamin, jumlah trombosit, dan jumlah leukosit dengan lama rawat inap pasien DBD. Sementara itu, terdapat hubungan signifikan antara faktor risiko kelas perawatan dengan lama rawat inap pasien DBD. Kata kunci: DBD, lama rawat inap, usia, jenis kelamin, jumlah leukosit, jumlah trombosit, kelas perawatan.
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RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LENGTH OF HOSPITALISATION OF PATIENTS WITH DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER AT UNDATA HOSPITAL, PALU 2014
Fahrunnisa*, M. Sabir**, Junjun Fitriani***
* Student, Study Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Tadulako University ** Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Vice Dean for Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Tadulako University *** Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Tadulako University
ABSTRACT
Background: Dengue is endemic primarily in Asia, the Pacific, the Americas, Africa, and the Caribbean. WHO currently estimated that there may be 50 million to 100 million cases of Dengue infections worldwide every year, including 500,000 cases of DHF with 22,000 deaths of which children are the common susceptible victims. One of the effects must be considered is the social and economic burden experienced by the patients. Treatment of patients with DHF spends much time and relatively high cost. Meanwhile, the cost incurred is completely affected by the length of hospitalisation. The objective of this study is to know what the risk factors associated with the length of hospitalisation of patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever at undata hospital, palu 2014. Methods: This study was an analytic, observational research with cross-sectional design. The technique of data collection used purposive sampling. The data was observed using secondary data from medical record of patients with DHF treated at Undata Hospital Palu from 01 January to 31 December 2014, consisting of six variables such as age, gender, leukocyte count, platelet count, treatment class, and length of hospitalisation. Then, the data was analysed using Chi Square statistic test. Results: Of the 98 samples, there are 47 patients (47.96%) with length of stay ≤4 days and 51 patients (52,04%) with length of stay >4 days. Moreover, the results show that there are no significant correlation between age (p=0.982), gender (p=0.692), platelet count (p=0.356), and leukocyte count (p=0.726) and the length of hospitalisation of patients with DHF. It is due to the p value > α (α=0.05), whereas treatment class which accounts for p=0.032 shows that it is being associated with the length of hospitalisation of patients with DHF. Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between the risk factors of age, gender, leukocyte count and platelet count and the length of hospitalisation of patients with DHF. By contrast, there is a significant correlation between the risk factors of treatment class and the length of hospitalisation of patients with DHF. Keywords: DHF, length of hospitalisation, age, gender, leukocyte count, platelet count, treatment class.