ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Demam berdarah merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat utamanya di seluruh daerah tropis dan sub-tropis di dunia. Demam berdarah dengue tersebar di wilayah Asia, salah satunya adalah Indonesia yang merupakan wilayah endemis, termasuk Sulawesi Tengah dengan 1.571 kasus pada tahun 2015. Salah satu cara pengendalian vektor adalah dengan menggunakan insektisida. Daun johar (Cassia seamea) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin, dan alkaloid yang dimana, senyawa tersebut dapat berfungsi sebagai insektisida alami.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak daun johar (Cassia seamea) sebagai larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti.
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian experimental dengan rancangan post test only control group design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling. Sampelnya adalah larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian dimulai dengan uji pendahuluan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji larvasida. Penelitian ini menggunakan berbagai konsentrasi yang diuji dengan 25 ekor larva nyamuk setiap kelompok. Pengamatan dilakukan pada jam ke-1 dan ke-24. Kemudian menentukan nilai LC50 dengan analisis probit untuk mengetahui konsentrasi efektif ekstrak daun johar (Cassia seamea) sebagai larvasida pada larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti.
Hasil: Dari uji larvasida persentase mortalitas larva pada konsentrasi 500 ppm adalah 6%, konsentrasi 1000 ppm adalah 12%, konsentrasi 1500 ppm adalah 15%, konsentrasi 2000 ppm adalah 23%, konsentrasi 2500 ppm adalah 23%, konsentrasi 3000 ppm adalah 53%, kelompok kontrol positif 100% dan kelompok kontrol negatif 0%. Nilai LC50 didapatkan pada konsentrasi 3598,348 ppm.
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun johar (Cassia seamea) memiliki efek larvasida pada larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti.
Kata Kunci: Daun Johar (Cassia seamea), Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti, Efek Larvasida.
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TEST OF JOHAR LEAVES (Cassia Seamea) EXTRACT EFFECT AS LARVICIDES IN MOSQUITO LARVAE Of Aedes aegypti
Aedes aegypti
Khairunnisa*, Miranti Umar**, I Kadek Rupawan***
*Student of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Tadulako ** Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Tadulako
*** Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Tadulako
ABSTRACT
Background: Dengue fever is a major public health problem especially throughout the tropics and subtropics in the world. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is transmitted in Asia and one of them is Indonesia, an endemic region, including Central Sulawesi with 1,571 cases were found in 2015. One way to controlling the vector (Aedes aegypti) can be conducted by using insecticides. Johar leaves (Cassia seamea) contains flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids which is a natural compounds in insecticide.
Objective: To Knowing the effects of johar leaves extracts (Cassia seamea) as larvicides in mosquito larvae Aedes aegypti.
Methods: Type of research was an experimental with post-test only control group design. Sampling method used purposive sampling technique. Sample used in this research is mosquito larvae of Aedes aegypti. The study began with a preliminary test and continued with test larvicides. Various concentrations were tested with 25 mosquitoes larvae in each group. Observations were made on the 1st hour to the 24th hour of administration. Then determine LC50 values by probit analysis to determine the effective concentration of johar leaves extract (Cassia seamea) as a larvicides in mosquito larvae of Aedes aegypti.
Results: From the larvicides test, percentage mortality of larvae at the concentration 500 ppm is 6%, concentration 1000 ppm is 12%, concentration 1500 ppm is 15%, concentration 2000 ppm is 23%, concentration 2500 ppm is 23%, concentration 3000 ppm is 53%, the positive control grup is 100% and the negative control group is 0%. The LC50 values are obtained at concentration 3598.348 ppm.
Conclusion: Johar leaves extract (Cassia seamea) has the effect as larvicides in mosquito larvae of Aedes aegypti.
Keywords: Johar Leaves Extract (Cassia seamea), Mosquito Larvae Aedes aegypti, Larvicidal Effect.