ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah
kesehatan di dunia karena prevalensi banyak meningkat dan penyebarannya
semakin luas. Demam berdarah dengue tersebar di wilayah Asia, salah satunya
adalah Indonesia yang merupakan wilayah endemis, termasuk Sulawesi Tengah
dengan Jumlah kasus DBD di Kota Palu tahun 2014 mempunyai IR
150,5/100.000. Pengendalian vektor nyamuk Aedes albopictus dilakukan
menggunakan larvasida. Daun sukun (Artocarpusaltilis) mengandung senyawa
flavonoid, dan saponin yang dapat berfungsi sebagai larvasida alami.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak daun sukun (Artocarpus altilis)
sebagai larvasida pada Aedes albopictus.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian experimental dengan rancangan
post test only control group design. Subjeknya adalah larva Aedes albopictus.
Penelitian ini menggunakan berbagai konsentrasi diuji dengan 25 ekor larva setiap
kelompok. Pengamatan dilakukan jam ke-1 dan ke-24.
Hasil: Hasil uji larvasida pada pengamatan jam ke-24 didapatkan mortalitas
konsentrasi 1500 ppm sebesar 75%. Konsentrasi 2000 ppm sebesar 75%.
Konsentrasi 2500 ppm sebesar 82%. Konsentrasi 2570 ppm sebesar 93%. Pada
kontrol (+) mortalitas sebanyak 100% dan kontrol (-) mortalitas sebanyak 1%.
Rata-rata kematian tertinggi dari larva Aedes albopictus jam ke-24 konsentrasi
2750 ppm yaitu 93%.
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun sukun (Artocarpus altilis) efektif digunakan sebagai
larvasida pada Aedes albopictus.
Kata kunci: Daun Sukun (Artocarpusaltilis), Larvasida Aedes albopictus.
v
EFFECTIVITY THE EXTRACT OF BREADFRUIT’S LEAVES (ARTOCARPUS
ALTILIS) AS LARVICIDES OF MOSQUITO AEDES ALBOPICTUS
Muhamad Arief*, Tri Setyawati**, Andi Nur Asrinawaty***
*Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Tadulako University
** Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Tadulako
University
***Microbiology Departement, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science,
Tadulako University
ABSTRACT
Background:Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a health problem in the world
due of increased prevalence and wide distribution. Distribution of Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) almost in Asia, such as Indonesia which is an endemic
area, include of Central Sulawesi with the number of cases of DHF on 2014 at
Palu with Index Rate are 150.5 / 100,000. Management of mosquito Aedes
albopictus’s vector control havebeen insecticides. Breadfruit leaves
(Artocarpusaltilis) contains flavonoids and saponins where the compound serves
as a natural sektisida.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of extracts of
breadfruit’s leaves (Artocarpus altilis) as larvicides of Aedes albopictus..
Methods: This study was an xperimental by using post test only control group
design. The subjects are the mosquito Aedes albopictus. This study using various
concentrations were tested with 25 mosquitoes each group. Observations were
seen in the first and 24th hours.
Results: Results of larvicides on observations of the 24th hour on 1500 ppm that
obtained the mortality by 75%. The concentration of 2000 ppm at 75% and on
2500 ppm concentration by 82% and also on 2570 ppm concentration by 93%. On
the control (+) that obtained mortality by 100% and the control (-) that
obtainedmortality by 1%. The highest mortality rate of larvae of Aedes albopictus
24th hour concentration of 2750 ppm at 93%.
Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that breadfruit’s leaves extract
(Artocarpusaltilis) effective for using as an insecticide of the mosquito Aedes
albopictus.
Keywords:. Breadfruit’s leaves (Artocarpusaltilis), Aedes albopictus, a natural
insecticide